Dracula Symbolism, Imagery Significance - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1277 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Dracula Essay Did you like this example? Despite being a work of fantasy, there is a lot that can be drawn from Bram Stokers novel, Dracula. Its effectiveness, stems from its capability to play on human fears. However, it also reflects anxieties that riddled his era. The figure of Dracula stands as both the incarnation of Englands strongest fears during the nineteenth century as well as the timeless vision of evil. Below is an explanation of how all this played out in a historical context. Dracula was published in 1897, a period when the British Empire was at the helm of its expansion. It had taken over large expanses of land in Asia, Africa as well as in North America (Light, 2007). They used these colonies to strengthen their economic and military power. However, this peak also marked the commencement of a decline in their power. The rise of the European powers (for example Austro-Hungary and Germany) and the United States posed a threat to Britains reign as the most powerful nation in the world. In addition, the rise in immigration brought in unfamiliar cultures and races onto British soil (Wasson, 1966). Just like in America, this spurred violent reactions against the foreigners. Dracula, just like any other immigrant from eastern Europe is a representation of the prejudices and biases against outsiders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Dracula: Symbolism, Imagery Significance" essay for you Create order The fear of the outsiders was effectively mirrored by new fears regarding the human mind and its content. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the world witnessed the birth of modern psychiatry and psychology (Subotsky, 2009). It was at this time, famous psychologists like Sigmund Freud published their theories of the unconscious as well as those of sexuality and who was also of the idea that the mind is shrouded with more darkness and mystery than most would suppose (McCrea, 2010). In Dracula, characters like Dr. Van Helsing and Dr. Seward were practitioners of this new science of the mind. Examples of these include mental suggestions, hypnosis and compulsive behavior found in Dracula was a reflection of public interest. In 1895, Oscar Wilde, who came from the same Dublin community as Bram Stoker ended up being prosecuted for homosexuality. The life of Wilde, an international celebrity was ruined by the prosecution whereby he ended up serving two years in prison, after which he died in obscurity later on. The hostility and publicity that surrounded the trial could have influenced Stoker, as was reflected in Dracula where the author showed evidence of anxiety and suspicion towards many forms of sexuality, particularly those considered to be perverse (Dyer, 2002). The hypnotic powers of the vampire, his taste for young female victims, as well as the sensuality accompanying bloodsucking suggested that Stockers mind was preoccupied with things more than monsters. Some have even gone ahead to suggest that Draculas evil attractions were an indication of Stockers fears concerning his own sexuality. It is correct to say that Count Dracula is a representation of many things including repressed homosexuality, foreign influence and many other issues. Dracula is a completely realized character even when compared to the books heroes. In addition, the different forms taken by Draculas threats including the influence of hypnotic suggestion, invasion from the East and the sexual assaults against women is a reflection of the concerns of the time and place the novel was written in. Dracula also had its focus on the conflict between Eastern and Western Europe. There are numerous sociological and psychological explanations about this novel have been offered which has immensely contributed to its popularity. Among these possibilities is the theme of politics which has appealed to audiences throughout the crisis period of the cold war and the two world wars. Count Dracula is a representation of those forces that were present in Eastern Europe that sought to overthrow through subversion and violence, the Wests progressive democratic civilization. Many interpret Dracula as a threat to the barbarians by attempting to disrupt the civilized world. In Dracula, particularly at the beginning of the story, Jonathan Harker takes a train (a symbol of development and growth in industrial society) to Draculas Castle. The deeper he travels to the East, the less punctual the trains become. Harker is accustomed to the ways of the West, finds it really hard to keep up the pace with the slow-paced ways of the East. Jonathan Harker describes central Romania (where the story happens) which is at the Eastern part of Europe, as the place where the customs and laws of the West are absent. He goes ahead to call it an imaginative pool of races (Schuller, 2009). On the other hand, Western Europe is dedicated to the development of its economy and education while those in the East are still frail from wars, without civilization. This is well by the imprisonment of Harker who is denied his elementary rights even as a prisoner. The theme of religion is quite vivid in Bram Stokers Dracula. Through its main character, Dracula, the novel depicts Anti-Christian beliefs and values. Though out the whole novel, Stokers clearly portrays Dracula as the anti-Christ. The author makes use of numerous beliefs from Christianity to portray the diverse types of Anti-Christian principles, superstitious beliefs concerning protection against evil and the comparison between the powers of evil and good. The novel makes use of many biblical references and imagery by making comparisons between Christ and Dracula. For example, in the battle between evil and good, the vampire hunters symbolize the Catholic forces that are determined to wage war against this evil. On the other hand, Dracula represents evil and his willingness to present vampirism into life. In addition, there are many religious symbols in the story including the use of rosaries, crucifixes, and communion wafers in a bid to ward off vampires. In the novel, vampirism is depicted as a demonic hitch of the communion. In chapter 13, Dr. Abraham Van Helsing is depicted as one who embraces Catholicism when he goes ahead to remove a small, gold crucifix from his neck and places it on the mouth of Lucys corpse (Starrs, 2004). On the other hand, Jonathan Harker who goes ahead to proclaim himself as an English churchman, which primarily translates to mean either a Protestant or an Anglican. At one point in the novel Harker is said to be very respectful to the affiliates of the Catholic church due to the strength of their beliefs. In the novel, the number three is used symbolically in the novel. Lucy had three wedding proposals, Jonathan wrote home three letters and was seduced by three vampires, furthermore, Dracula purchased three homes. The repetitive nature of number three can be linked to the three wise men and the holy trinity (Herbert, 2002). The other relationship that the novel shares with Christianity, is Draculas ability to control the weather as well as his other supernatural abilities that only God can do. References Herbert, C. (2002). Vampire religion. Representations, 79(1), 100-121. Dyer, R. (2002). Its in his kiss: vampirism as homosexuality, homosexuality as vampirism. In The Culture of Queers. Light, D. (2007). Dracula tourism in Romania Cultural identity and the state. Annals of Tourism Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.03.004 McCrea, B. (2010). Heterosexual Horror: Dracula, the Closet, and the Marriage-Plot. Novel: A Forum on Fiction. https://doi.org/10.1215/00295132-2010-003 Schuller, D. (2009). Something black and of the night: Vampirism, Monstrosity, and Negotiations of Race\nin Richard Mathesons I Am Legend. In Der Vampir: Von der DÃ ¤mmerung der Gothic Novel bis zum Morgen-Grauen des Teenieromans. Subotsky, F. (2009). Dracula (1897), Bram Stoker Psychiatrists in 19th-century fiction. The British Journal of Psychiatry?: The Journal of Mental Science. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03940.x Wasson, R. (1966). The Politics of Dracula. English Literature in Transition, 1880-1920 9(1), 24-27. ELT Press. Retrieved November 20, 2018, from Project MUSE database.

Short Story - 1713 Words

Mithian surveyed the meadow contentedly. For weeks, the court had buzzed with planning and activity surrounding the festival. She and Merlin had the council coordinating with the nobles in the countryside about village festivals and local celebrations. Granted they still didn’t have much to offer in terms of food or wine. Still the tradition needed to be reestablished nonetheless. Each village followed Whitgate’s example in this regard. May poles sprouted up in some places. In others, decorations livened up unused ones. Floral sprigs brightened doorways, fountains and building fronts. Local musicians livened up their squares. If none were in a village, the adjacent communities lent a hand. In an uncustomary practice (and more than likely†¦show more content†¦She only remembered the anger and dark vengeance within the priestess. She recalled the pain that the other caused. â€Å"She wasn’t always the dark witch,† Gwen pointed out. She held a bundle in her arms. Beside her Lancelot admired the scene. â€Å"This is quite the gathering.† â€Å"As Mithian just said, we all have a lot to feel good about. Maybe it can be the start of a new tradition?† Merlin supposed. â€Å"Kind of like how we met, Lancelot?† Lancelot chuckled. â€Å"As long as we don’t start a tournament.† He shook his head. â€Å"I’m getting too old for that. I don’t want Gawain getting any ideas.† He waved to Percival and Blancheflor. â€Å"Look who’s here! We didn’t think you could make the trip!† â€Å"Annis agreed to watch the northern border. Besides we wanted to see everyone,† Percival explained. â€Å"Gawain and Britomart’s daughter, Marie, suffered much in Meleagant’s destructive wave. We wanted her to know that it won’t happen again,† Blancheflor noted. â€Å"Besides we wanted to share our news too.† She eyed her fellow Queens with their bundles of joy. â€Å"I am not far behind you all it seems.† She motioned to her own expanding belly. â€Å"I hope to deliver sometime in the fall before Samhain.† She admired the triplets. â€Å"They are beautiful. My compliments, Merlin and Mithian.† â€Å"Thank you,† Mithian accepted. â€Å"Arthur’s on the left. Freya’s in the middle. 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Important To Analyze Liability Of Principal-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Whether The Purchase Of The Lottery Ticket By Group Of Friends Results In The Formation Of Contract? Answer: Introducation A contract is a kind of document wherein two parties, an offeror and an offeree, comply with certain elements of contract and results in a binding relationship which must be honored by them in every situation. A contract can be written or oral in nature but whatever maybe the form of contract there are few elements which must be present to make it enforceable in law.(Gibson Fraser, 2013) Thus, the main elements of contract are:(Clarke, 2012) An offer An offer is a statement, oral or written, which is communicated by an offeror to an offeree, through which he specifies the act or omission which the offeror intends to be confirmed by an offeree. It is necessary that the offer must be communicated to the offeree to make it valid in nature. In the leading case of (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 1893), it was held that an offer can be made to one specific person or to the world at large. An acceptance When the offer is received by the offeree then the confirmation of the offer without bringing any deviation to its terms is an acceptance. If the offeree brings and variation to offer terms then it results in the revocation of the offer and is called counter offer and is held in (Hyde v Wrench, 1843). An acceptance is valid only when the same comes within the knowledge of the offeror. An offer and acceptance makes an agreement. The other requirements to convent an agreement into a contract are: The agreement must be supported by some kind of benefit to make the agreement enforceable in law. A consideration must move from the offeror to the offeree against the act or omission undertaken by the offeree on behalf of the offeror. a consideration must be sufficient and it is not necessary that the same must be adequate in nature and is held in (Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace, 1988) Legal intention The parties when exchanging promises must do so with legal intention. A contract based on family or domestic relationship is no contract in law but this presumption is rebuttable on the presentation of evidence and is held in (Jones v Padavatton, 1969) Capacity of the parties - The parties must be major and of sound mind to make the contract valid. Thus, these are the elements which must be present in order to make a contract enforceable in law. written or oral When the offeror and the offeree makes an offer and acceptance supported by consider on, legal intention and are capable to enter into a contract, then, there is a binding contract amid the two.(Gibson Fraser, 2013) However, in Australia, a contract can be made in mainly two forms: Oral contracts Oral contracts are the contracts which are formulated amid the parties verbally. The offer and acceptance is carried out by the parties through words of mouth or conduct. Written contracts The written contract is the contract which is formulated by the parties in textual form. The terms of the contract are written down on the sheet of paper and parties must comply with the same. Both oral and written contracts are valid. There is no compulsion that a contract has to be in written form in order to be binding. An oral contract is equally valid when compared with a written contract. In the leading case of (R v Clarke, 1927), an oral contract was held to be a valid contract and considered to be same enforceability that of a written contract. (Latimer, 2012) However, normally it is understood that a contract if is in the form of a written document then it is more authentic when compared with an oral contract. There are several reasons that area attributed which submits that a written contract is considered to be more evidential when compared with an oral contract. The same are: (Pendragon, 2014) When the contract is in written form then it is very easy to prove the terms of the contract and the rights and liabilities of the contractual parties. The enforceability of such contracts is very easy in the court of law; It helps in avoiding any kind of misunderstand that might take place amid the parties in future regarding the terms of the contract. In case of any misunderstand the terms of the contract can be read out and clarification can be made. It lists down the procedure to be followed in case any disputes arises amid the parties; It helps in clarifying whether the contract is employment contract or services contract It serves as a record amid the parties. Thus, there arte various benefits that can be attributed if a contract is in written form. But, even of the contract is written form, it cannot be submitted that an oral contract is not valid; rather, an oral contract stands on equal footing with a written contract. Formal Contract Formal contract are the contracts which must be formed in a particular manner and style. For instance, the formal contract must be in writing in order to be valid. One of the most significant features of a formal contract is that a formal contract has the enforceability of twelve years. After twelve years they are considered to bar by law because of lapse of time. When compared with a written contract, a formal contract is very distinct, mainly because the formalities that are required in a formal contract are not the part and parcel of a written contract. (RMIT, 2004) Thus, the main formalities of a formal contract are:(Latimer, 2012) It has to be in writing. It is very necessary that a formal contract must be in written form specifying all the terms and conditions that are agreed by the parties; It has to be signed by the parties. this is one of the significant feature of a formal contract; It must be signed and delivered as a deed. If a formal contract is not signed then its main requirement is not met; There are no requirements of any kind of mutual promises or consideration. Even if the contract is not supported by consideration, still the contract is held to be valid in nature. The two common kinds of formal contract that are normally found to be found are:(SIEleaning, 2017) Contract of record These are the contracts that can be proved in the court of law by producing the supporting documents. There is no requirement to prove the intention of the parties in order to hold the contract valid. For instance, promises to be in a good behavior or to appear before the court at the prescribed time or to maintain peace are the kind of contract of record. Also, the judgment of the courts is also court of record. Contract under seal or deed Every deed must be signed by the parties and must be witness by at least one person. These are the contract which is considered to be binding on the basis of their form. legal intention of the partie In order to establish a valid contract the main elements that are required are offer, acceptance, consideration and capacity. Apart from these elements one of the main element, the presence of which is must in the formation of the contract is legal intention of the parties. (Latimer, 2012) Legal intention of the parties signifies that the parties are willing to enforce the contract under law in cases of disputes. If the parties do not intent to bind by the contract then the contract has no enforceability in law and thus is invalid in law and is held in (Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd, 1989). It is held in (Rose and Frank Co v Crompton, 1923), that normally the parties who are in commercial relationships are presumed to have legal intention. Whereas, in (Balfour v Balfour, 1919), it is held that the parties who are in social relationship have no legal intention. (Clarke, Australian contract law, 2010) But, it is held in (Riches v Hogben, 1986), that this basic presumption is rebuttable in law. Thus, if evidence can be laid down that the parties through are in social relationship have legal intention to bind by the contract then the contract is said to be enforceable in law. Likewise, if it can be proved that the parties to the contract are in commercial relationship but does not have any legal intention, then, the contract is not enforceable in law. (Moles Sangha, 2017) In (Trevey v Grubb , 1982) and (Simkins v pays , 1955), the parties were sharing a lottery ticket and when the prize was declared one of the party claims that there is no contract as the relationship is friendly. It is held by court that the circstantces reveal that the parties intent to share the profits of the lottery proceeds and thus though they are friend but the there is presence of legal intention. Application of law All the friend contribute $2every Friday night for a lottery ticket. After the win of the ticket, the friend refuses to share the prize with the remaining friends. It is submitted that the sharing is regular with the intent to share the profits. Even though one of the friend was authored to purchase the ticket but the intention of all the parties was to bind by the result of the ticket. Thus, though the relationship is social, but, there is presence of legal intention. The intention was to bound by the result of the lottery irrespective whether the result is positive or not. It is thus concluded that the friends are sharing a cordial relationship but they have legal intention to bind by the results of the ticket and thus the contact is enforceable in law and the prize of the ticket must be equally distributed amid the parties. Relationship of Principal with an agent or an independent contractor It is very important to distinguish an agent that from an independent contractor mainly to analyze the liability of the principal. This is because if the party is an agent then the liability falls upon the principal but of the party is an independent contractor then the liability is not of the principal. If the person is considered to be an agent of the principle then, the acts that are undertaken by an agent will be considered to be the acts of the principal, provided the action are taken within the authority by the agent. Thus, if any contract is established by an agent with any third party then such third party has a right to sue the principal on the event of default. In (Scott v Davis, 2000) and (Hollis v Vabu, 2001), it was held that an agent is the representative of the princiapla nd must be held liable by the acts of the agents. However, in the leading case of (Gaitanis v Nicholas Moss Pty Ltd, 2003), it was held that if the person is not the agent of the principal but is an independent contractor, then the acts of such an independent contract are not considered as the acts of the principal. Any liability that is incurred by an independent contractor is construed be the acts of the contractor alone and the principal cannot be held liable for the same. This is because an independent contractor does not act as per the directions and control of the principal and so the principal must not be held accountable by his actions. (MCCARTHY, 2004) Thus, the distinction is very important to analyze the liability of the principal References Air Great Lakes Pty Ltd v KS Easter (Holdings) Pty Ltd (1989). Balfour v Balfour (1919). Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). Clarke, J. (2010). Australian contract law. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from Intention to create legal relations: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-intention.html Clarke, J. (2012). Australian Contract Law. Retrieved September 18, 2017, from Agreement: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html Gaitanis v Nicholas Moss Pty Ltd (2003). Gibson, A., Fraser, D. (2013). Business Law 2014. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hollis v Vabu (2001). Hyde v Wrench (1843). Jones v Padavatton (1969). Latimer, p. (2012). Australian Business Law 2012. CCH Australia Limited,. MCCARTHY, L. (2004). VICARIOUS LIABILITY IN THE AGENCY CONTEXT. Moles, R., Sangha, B. (2017). Intention to Create Legal Relations / Parties To a Contract. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from Networked Knowledge - Law Lectures: https://netk.net.au/Contract/05Intention.asp Pendragon. (2014). The benefits of a written contract. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from Pendragon: https://pendragon.net.au/benefits-written-contract-2/ R v Clarke (1927). Riches v Hogben (1986). RMIT. (2004). Explanation of contract law. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from DLSWEB: https://www.dlsweb.rmit.edu.au/lsu/content/d_bus/law/business_contract/concept/explanation.html Rose and Frank Co v Crompton (1923). Scott v Davis (2000). SIEleaning. (2017). SIElearning. Retrieved September 17, 2017, from Contract Law: https://sielearning.tafensw.edu.au/MBA/19194J/commerc_law/lo/u5_t1_contclass/u5_t1_contclass_03.htm#EEABA

THE ROBBER BARONS OF THE 19TH CENTURY Essays - Gilded Age

THE ROBBER BARONS OF THE 19TH CENTURY Cornelius Vanderbuilt... ... an ill educated, ungrammatical, coarse, and ruthless, but clear-visioned man. He started his millions in the steamboat industry. As a young boy he went to work for a small steamboat owner, Thomas Gibbons. After learning how to operate a steamboat, he designed one and persuaded Gibbons to build it. Vanderbuilt's slogans of low prices for superior rates attracted many customers. But an unknown to the passengers was that the food and drink on the boat was extravagantly overpriced. Later Vanderbuilt saw that real money was in the railroad business. He established a shipping-land transit across Nicaragua, in response to the California gold rush. In 1873 he was the first to connect New York and Chicago by rail. During all the money making, farmers were feeling the rear end of it all. Hit hard by the depression of the 1870s, they protested against "railroad bankruptcy". The government then stepped in and tried to control the railroad monopolies. By winning the Wabash case, it proclaimed that individual states had no power to regulate interstate commerce. Congress took it further by establishing the Interstate Commerce Act in 1887. It prohibited rebates and pools and required the railroads to publish their rates openly. It also forbade unfair discrimination against shippers and outlawed charging more for a short haul then a long one over the same line. Andrew Carnegie... ... was known as the steel king. He was a gifted organizer and administrator. After achieving partnership in the "Pittsburgh millionaires", he further his wealth by devising the "vertical integration", which eliminated middleman fees. Carnegie integrated every phase of his steel-making operations; they were his miners at the Mesabi Range, they were his ships carrying the goods across the Great Lakes, his railroads that delivered to Pittsburgh, and his men who sold it; from mining to marketing, he was in charge of it all. Through this he could improve the efficiency by making supplies more reliable, control the quality of the product at all stages, and eliminating middleman fees and beat out his competitors who had to pay middleman fees. He could deign any price on his steel. The government did not do much to stop Carnegie. But a hindrance in Carnegie's fortune building was the homestead strike. After Carnegie had bought the new steel industry, the people went on strike. Not wanting to deal with the strikers, he waited them out and hired scabs in the mean time. J. Pierpont Morgan... ... a very wealthy man, was a banker's banker. He had devised a way of eliminating competition called "interlocking directories". During the depression of 1890s, many bleeding business men were driven into Morgan's wealthy arms. His prescribed remedy for them was to consolidate their rival enterprises and to ensure future harmony, he placed his own officers of his banking syndicate on their various boards of directors. By owning shares from eclectic companies, he increased his wealth. Later he bought out Carnegie and his steel company. The by adding other companies to join his empire, his wealth increased even more. He was also in control of six major railroad lines as well as the steel corporation. Being of very wealthy descendants, he had plenty of gold in times when even the government was in need. He lent many businessmen money as well as the government, so the government, being in debt to Morgan, could do little to stop him. But then in 1933, the Banking Act was established. Although J.P. Morgan was out of the picture by then, this act effected his company by splitting the company in half. Some partners and workers left but the company still managed to keep intact and continued their success. John D. Rockefeller... ... was an oil baron. He was the owner of the Standard Oil Company. His monopolizing strategy was the "horizontal integration", consolidating with competitors to monopolize a given market. To control bothersome rivals, he created the "trust", the Standard Oil Trust. A board of trustees was set up and the company's properties were placed in its hands. Then every week each stockholder received their share of the profits. This allowed the Standard Oil to function as a monopoly since the board of Trustees ran all